Sunday, December 2, 2018 – The Gospel of Luke
Outline & Introduction to the Son of Man, the Savior, Presented
to Gentiles
Grace Fellowship Church
Pastor/Teacher, Jim Rickard
The Gospel of Luke
Outline of the Book, based on Charles Ryrie’s:
I. Preface: The Method and Purpose of Writing
(1:1-4)
II.
The Identification of the Son of Man with Men (1:5-4:13)
- The Announcement of the Birth of John the Baptist
(1:5-25)
- The Announcement of the Birth of the Son of Man
(1:26-56)
- The Advent of John the Baptist (1:57-80)
- The Advent of the Son of Man (2:1-20)
- The Adoration of the Baby (2:21-38)
- The Advancement of the Boy (2:39-52)
- The Baptism of the Son of Man (3:1-22)
- The Genealogy of the Son of Man (3:23-38)
- The Temptation of the Son of Man (4:1-13)
III. The
Ministry of the Son of Man to Men (4:14-9:50)
- The Announcement of His Ministry (4:14-30)
- The Authority of His Ministry (4:31-6:11)
- Over demons (4:31-37)
- Over disease (4:38-44)
- Over the disciples (5:1-11)
- Over defilement (a leper healed) (5:12-16)
- Over defectiveness (a paralytic healed) (5:17-26)
- Over the despised (the call of Matthew and
parables) (5:27-39)
- Over days (6:1-5)
- Over deformity (6:6-11)
- The Associates of His Ministry (6:12-49)
- The call of the disciples (6:12-16)
- The characteristics of disciples (The Great Sermon)
(6:17-49)
- Activities of His Ministry (7:1-9:50)
- Ministry in sickness (7:1-10)
- Ministry in death (7:11-17)
- Ministry in doubt (7:18-35)
- Ministry to sinners (7:36-50)
- Ministry financed (8:1-3)
- Ministry illustrated through parables (8:4-21)
- Ministry in storms (8:22-25)
- Ministry over demons (8:26-39)
- Ministry in death and despair (8:40-56)
- Ministry through the disciples (9:1-9)
- Ministry to physical needs (9:10-17)
- Ministry of prediction (9:18-50)
IV.
The Repudiation of the Son of Man by Men (9:51-19:27)
- Rejection by Samaritans (9:51-56)
- Rejection by Worldly Men (9:57-62)
- Commissioning of the Seventy (10:1-24)
- Rejection by a Lawyer (Parable of the Good Samaritan)
(10:25-37)
- Reception at Bethany (10:38-42)
- Instruction on Prayer (11:1-13)
- Rejection by the Nation (11:14-36)
- Rejection by Pharisees and Lawyers (11:37-54)
- Instruction in the Light of Rejection (12:1-19:27)
- Concerning hypocrisy (12:1-12)
- Concerning covetousness (12:13-34)
- Concerning faithfulness (12:35-48)
- Concerning division and signs (12:49-59)
- Concerning repentance (13:1-9)
- Concerning hypocrisy (13:10-17)
- Concerning the kingdom (13:18-35)
- Concerning inflexible people (14:1-6)
- Concerning inflated people (14:7-11)
- Concerning invited people (14:12-14)
- Concerning indifferent people (14:15-24)
- Concerning indulgent people (14:25-35)
- Concerning God's love for sinners (15:1-32)
- Concerning wealth (16:1-31)
- Concerning forgiveness (17:1-6)
- Concerning service (17:7-10)
- Concerning gratitude (17:11-19)
- Concerning the kingdom (17:20-37)
- Concerning prayer (18:1-14)
- Concerning entrance into the kingdom (18:15-30)
- Concerning His death (18:31-34)
- Concerning salvation (18:35-19:10)
- Concerning faithfulness (19:11-27)
V.
The Condemnation of the Son of Man for Men (19:28-23:56)
- Sunday (19:28-48)
- Monday (20:1-21:38)
- Authority requested (20:1-8)
- Authority revealed (20:9-18)
- Authority resisted (20:19-40)
- Authority reiterated (20:41-21:4)
- The apocalyptic discourse (21:5-38)
- Tuesday/Monday? (22:1-6)
- Wednesday (22:7-53)
- The Lord's Supper (22:7-38)
- The Garden of Gethsemane (22:39-46)
- The arrest (22:47-53)
- Thursday (22:54-23:55)
- Peter's denial (22:54-62)
- Christ mocked, beaten (22:63-65)
- Christ before the Sanhedrin (22:66-71)
- Christ before Pilate (23:1-5)
- Christ before Herod (23:6-12)
- Christ again before Pilate (23:13-25)
- The crucifixion (23:26-49)
- The burial (23:50-55)
- Saturday, Prepared His body (23:56)
- Sunday, The Vindication of the Son of Man before Men
(24:1-53)
- The Victory over Death
(24:1-12)
- The Fulfiller of the
Prophecies (the Emmaus Disciples) (24:13-35)
- The Pattern of Resurrection
Life (24:36-43)
- The Head of the Church
(24:44-48)
- The Giver of the Holy
Spirit (24:49)
VI. The
Ascension of the Lord (24:50-53)
Chapter 1
I. Preface: The Method and Purpose of Writing
(1:1-4)
II.
The Identification of the Son of Man with Men (1:5-4:13)
- The Announcement of the Birth of John the Baptist
(1:5-25)
- The Announcement of the Birth of the Son of Man
(1:26-56)
- The Advent of John the Baptist (1:57-80)
I.
Preface: The Method and Purpose of Writing, Luke 1:1-4.
Author of the
Book:
Written by the “the beloved physician,” Luke, it is the most
comprehensive and longest of the Gospels. In fact, both the Gospels of Luke and
Acts are written by him and addressed to Theophilus as a two-volume work. They
are attributed to Luke, yet he is nowhere named as the author of either.
Nevertheless, a great deal of evidence points to Luke, “the beloved physician,”
Col 4:14, as the author of both
books. Interestingly, these two books make up about 28% of the Greek NT.
The only places where we find Luke’s name in the NT are Col 4:14; 2 Tim 4:11; and Philemon 24. It is also believed that
Luke referred to himself in the “we” sections of Acts 16:10–17; 20:5–21:18; 27:1–28:16. These “we” sections of Acts
show that the author was a close associate and traveling companion of Paul.
Since all but two of Paul’s associates are named in the third person, the list
can be narrowed to Titus and Luke. Therefore, by process of elimination, Paul’s
“dear friend Luke, the doctor,” Col 4:14,
and “fellow worker,” Phm 24, becomes
the most likely candidate.
His authorship is supported by the uniform testimony of
early Christian writings. Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen,
Eusebius, and Jerome all support Lucan authorship. The second-century
Muratorian Canon, which lists the books that are received as Scripture in Rome,
declares Luke the physician to be the author of both the third Gospel and Acts.
Date:
Biblical evidence points to A.D. 58-63 as the likely time of
writing. Luke was written earlier than Acts, its companion volume. The last
chapter of Acts recounts events that are c. A.D. 63, and probably concludes as
it does because events are contemporary. Perhaps Luke began his first volume at
Caesarea and finished it in Rome, having accompanied Paul during Paul’s
two-year imprisonment, Acts 24:27. Since the conclusion of Acts shows
Paul in Rome, and since
the gospel of Luke was written before Acts, Acts 1:1, Luke’s gospel was probably written around A.D. 60. However,
suggesting that Luke’s Gospel received its final form in Greece and not in
Rome, some have suggested A.D. 70. By comparison, the Gospels of Mathew and Mark were written in the
50’s or 60’s, and John was written between 85-90 A.D.
About the Author:
Luke, meaning, “luminous or white,” was called the “beloved
physician”, Col 4:14, and was a
close friend and companion of Paul, 2
Tim 4:11; Philemon 1:24. In Greek it is Λουκᾶς, LOUKAS, and is apparently
an abbreviation for Λουκανός, LOUKANOS. It
seems evident from Col 4:10–14, that
Luke was a Gentile for there Paul differentiates him from the Jews. Here the
apostle states that, of his fellow-workers, Aristarchus, Mark, and John were
the only ones who were Jews. This suggests that Epaphras, Luke, and Demas, also
mentioned in these verses, were Gentiles, not Jews. Luke’s obvious skill with
the Greek language and his phrase “their own language” in Acts 1:19, also implies that he was not Jewish. As
such, he was the only Gentile author of any part of the NT.
We know nothing about his early life or conversion except that he
was not an eyewitness of the life of Jesus Christ, Luke 1:2. Yet, he was an eyewitness to many of the acts of Paul, as
he was his close companion. Though a physician by profession, he was primarily
an evangelist, theologian, and historian writing this gospel and the book of
Acts and accompanying Paul in missionary work.
We know that he lived in Philippi for a considerable period, at
least 7-8 years. He first meets Paul at Troas just before the vision of the Man
from Macedonia, Acts 16:10-12. Luke
remains in Philippi when Paul and Silas leave, Acts 16:40. He is there when Paul comes back on his 3rd
tour bound for Jerusalem, Acts 20:3-5.
Although some believe he was from Antioch, Philippi could be considered his
home, though he was probably a man who had traveled a great deal, and may have
been with Paul in Galatia before coming to Troas. He may have ministered to
Paul in his sickness there, Gal 4:14.
His later years were spent chiefly with Paul away from Philippi, cf. Acts 20:3-28, 31, on the way to
Jerusalem, at Caesarea, the voyage to Rome, and in Rome. He was with Paul at
the time of the apostle’s martyrdom, 2 Tim
4:11, but of his later life we have no certain facts.
The Anti-Marcionite Prologue, an introduction to Luke found
in a number of Latin manuscripts, ascribes the book to the physician and
companion of Paul and supplies additional questionable information about him.
It states, he was a native of Antioch, he wrote his Gospel in Achaia, and he
died unmarried and childless in Boeotia at the age of eighty-four.
His education is considerable. He writes excellent Greek,
both classical and Biblical, and demonstrates a literary ability that
approaches a poetic quality at times. The gospel was written in the finest
literary KOINE Greek, (the
common Greek of the marketplace), and the prologue has affinities with the
preambles of the historians Herodotus, Polybius, and Thucydides, and
incorporates much of the language of the physicians Galen and Hippocrates.
Though Luke was not an eye-witness to the earthly life and
ministry of Christ, he was in intimate contact with many who were. Luke was
with Paul in Palestine in the late 50s, especially in Caesarea and Jerusalem, Acts 21:1-27:2. Members of the
Jerusalem church including James, the brother of Jesus, would have provided
much oral testimony to the physician. Luke’s association with Paul also brought
him into contact with leading apostolic witnesses, including James, Peter, and
also Mark the companion of Peter and author of the gospel that bears his name.
We see Luke in Scripture as: A physician, Col 4:14; Writing to Theophilus, Luke 1:1-4; Acts 1:1-2; Accompanying
Paul in his tour of Asia and Macedonia, Acts
16:10-13; 20:5; 20:6, to Jerusalem, Acts
21:1-18, and to Rome, Acts 27-28; 2
Tim 4:11; Philemon 1:24.
Content:
It is the third and longest book in the NT. The purpose of Luke is clearly stated in the prologue of
his Gospel, Acts 1:1-4. All
four verses are only one sentence in Greek. Several
things need to be noticed regarding his approach to presenting the gospel:
1. Luke states that his own work was stimulated by the work
of others, vs. 1. “That have been accomplished,” this
phrase tells about what God has done through Jesus to fulfill His plan, cf. Luke 24:43-47.
2. That he consulted eyewitnesses, vs. 2. “Original
eyewitnesses,” this verse refers to the preaching of the original oral
tradition that circulated about Him before there were Gospels. These traditions
were rooted in the preaching ministry of those who had been with Him.
3. That he sifted and arranged the information, vs. 3. “Orderly sequence,” since we know that Luke rearranged some events
in his Gospel to be topical as opposed to chronological, cf. Luke 4:16-30, and parallels in Mark and
Matthew, this orderly sequence has more to do with a general arrangement and
order as opposed to meaning in temporal sequence.
4. Under the guidance of the Holy Spirit to instruct
Theophilus in the historical reliability of the faith, vs. 4. “May know,” this
is more than an intellectual knowledge, the word EPIGNOSIS has the idea of
giving assurance in this context.
The theme of Luke’s gospel is Christ, the Son of Adam,
emphasizing the Son of Man that tells of events that demonstrated Christ’s
humanity. It is slanted toward all Gentiles, especially the unbeliever. This is
a gospel of the compassionate Son of Man offering salvation to the whole world,
Luke 19:10. It presents the Savior
as the Son of Man, the Perfect Man who came to seek and save the lost, Acts 19:10. In Luke, the Son of Man is
presented as meeting man’s needs, a perfect man among men, chosen from men,
tested among men, and supremely qualified to be the Savior and High Priest.
Holman also notes, “A
strong argument can be presented for a second, though clearly subordinate,
purpose. Some see Luke-Acts as an apology for the Christian faith, a defense of
it designed to show Roman authorities that Christianity posed no political
threat. Pilate declared Jesus innocent three times (Luke 23:4,14,22). Acts does not present Roman officials as
unfriendly (Acts 13:4-12; 16:35-40;
18:12-17; 19:31). Agrippa remarked to Festus that Paul could have been
freed if he had not appealed to Caesar (Acts
26:32). Paul is pictured as being proud of his Roman citizenship (Acts 22:28). The apostle is seen
preaching and teaching in Rome openly without hindrance as Acts draws to a
close. It is possible to see in all this an attempt by Luke to calm Roman
authorities’ fears about any supposed subversive character of Christianity.” (Holman
Bible Dictionary.)
By comparison:
· In
Matthew, Jesus is presented as the Son
of David, emphasizing His Kingship, written for the Jews, cf. Isa 11:1; Mat 1:1.
· In Mark, Jesus is presented as the Son of
Man, emphasizing His Servant hood, written for the Romans, cf. Zech 3:8; Mark 8:38.
· In John, Jesus is presented as the Son of
God, emphasizing His Deity, written for Christians, cf. Isa 4:2; 7:14; John 3:16.
· In Luke, Jesus is presented as the Son of
Adam, emphasizing Him as the Son of Man, written for the Gentiles, cf. Zech 6:12-13; Luke 3:38.
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Comparisons
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Matthew
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Mark
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Luke
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John
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Christ’s Sonship
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of David
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of Man
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of Adam
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of God
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Christ viewed as
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King
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Servant
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Man
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God
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Written to
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Jews
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Romans
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Gentiles
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Church
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Number of chapters
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28
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16
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24
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21
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